Hymenoptera, such as bees, wasps, hornets, and bumblebees, are insects very present in France. It is estimated that approximately 2 million people are stung by these insects each year. Although most stings are not serious, some can cause significant allergic reactions.
Identifying the Sting and Its Symptoms
A hymenoptera sting is generally characterized by a red, swollen spot surrounded by a red and painful area. In the case of a bee sting, the stinger, which contains a venom sac, often remains embedded in the skin. A wasp sting, on the other hand, usually does not leave a stinger behind.
Common Symptoms
- Intense and throbbing pain
- Redness and swelling around the stung area
- Intense itching
Most hymenoptera stings only cause local symptoms. However, approximately 3% of the population is allergic to hymenoptera venom. These people may develop more severe allergic reactions after a sting. These manifest as symptoms such as:
Signs of an Allergic Reaction
- Hives (appearance of red, swollen patches on the skin)
- Swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
- Breathing difficulties (shortness of breath, wheezing)
- Dizziness and general malaise
- Vomiting
In case of a severe allergic reaction, called anaphylaxis, it is crucial to consult a doctor immediately. Symptoms of anaphylaxis can appear quickly and be life-threatening. A study has shown that 1% of hymenoptera stings lead to anaphylaxis.
First Aid for Stings
In case of a hymenoptera sting, it is important to act quickly to alleviate pain and inflammation. The following first aid measures are recommended:
Removing the Stinger
- If the stinger is present, remove it by scraping it with a rigid object such as a credit card or a knife blade.
- Avoid squeezing the venom sac, as this could release more venom into the bloodstream.
Alleviating Pain and Inflammation
- Apply a cold compress (ice wrapped in a cloth) to the stung area for 10 to 15 minutes.
- Elevate the stung area to reduce swelling.
- Use over-the-counter antihistamines (if necessary) to relieve itching.
Managing Allergic Reactions
If the victim shows symptoms of an allergic reaction, call emergency services immediately. If they are equipped with an auto-injectable epinephrine (such as an EpiPen), use it. Elevate the victim's legs and position them in a semi-sitting position.
Prevention of Hymenoptera Stings
There are several preventive measures to reduce the risk of hymenoptera stings. Here are some important tips:
Practical Tips
- Avoid wearing strong perfumes and brightly colored clothing, as hymenoptera are attracted to strong odors and bright colors.
- Remain calm and avoid sudden movements if you are near hymenoptera.
- Avoid places where hymenoptera are numerous (garbage cans, flowers, etc.).
- Do not walk barefoot in the grass.
- Close windows and doors to prevent hymenoptera from entering your house.
- If you see a wasp or hornet nest, do not approach it and contact a professional to have it removed.
Protecting Children
Children are particularly vulnerable to hymenoptera stings. It is crucial to monitor them carefully during picnics, outdoor games, and activities in nature. Teach them to recognize the dangers of hymenoptera and basic safety rules. It is also important to teach them not to approach wasp or hornet nests.
Allergy Desensitization
For people allergic to hymenoptera, there is a treatment called desensitization. This treatment involves administering progressive doses of hymenoptera venom in the form of injections. The goal is to accustom the body to the presence of venom and reduce the allergic reaction. Desensitization is an effective treatment that significantly reduces the risk of severe allergic reactions.
When to See a Doctor
It is important to consult a doctor in the following cases:
- Sting in the mouth or throat
- Allergic reaction, even mild
- Persistent symptoms despite first aid (pain, swelling, etc.)
- Multiple stings
- Sting from an unknown insect
In conclusion, hymenoptera stings can be painful and sometimes dangerous. It is important to know the first aid measures to take and to know when to consult a doctor. By following the prevention tips and staying vigilant, you can reduce the risk of hymenoptera stings and ensure your safety.